# The scale of the risk of cardiovascular disease score #
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## Gymnastics against hypertension without music ##
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Gymnastics against hypertension without music: An evidence-based approach
High blood pressure (arterial hypertension) is a global health problem and a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, including heart attack and stroke. A non‑drug treatment option, which has gained in the last years more and more important, is regular physical activity, in particular, controlled Gymnastics.
Physiological Basis
Regular, moderate physical activity leads to a reduction of the resting pressure by several mechanisms:
Vasodilation Through the activation of the endothelial nitric oxide (NO) there is a relaxation of smooth muscles in the blood vessels, which reduces the vascular resistance.
Reduction of the sympathetic tone: sports can be lowered to reduce the activity of the sympathetic nervous system, causing the heart rate and blood pressure.
Weight control: Regular exercise promotes the weight reduction, which in turn has a positive effect on blood pressure.
Stress reduction: Physical activity reduces the concentration of stress hormones such as Cortisol, which can cause increased blood pressure.
Why no music?
Those of music during physical Exercises can distract the attention and the perception of the own body interfere with signals. In the case of persons with high blood pressure, however, it is especially important to pay attention to their own sensations:
Pulse monitoring: Without musical accompaniment Practitioners are able to control your pulse and your breathing better, and a Strain to prevent it.
Focus on technology: attention is only the correct execution of the Exercises, which increases the effectiveness and security.
Relax effect: silence or natural sounds can lead to a deeper relaxation than music, what is good for the blood pressure reduction is advantageous.
Recommended Exercises
A gymnastics routine for hypertension should include the following components:
Warm-up (5-10 minutes): Soft-joint exercises and easy to Walk in, to the preparation of the circuit.
Dynamic stretching exercises (10 minutes): movements that promote the mobility of the joints and the circulation of the blood, for example, Armkreisen, squats with arms outstretched.
Strength exercises with a low-resistance (15 minutes): Exercises with your own body weight or light Weights that target the major muscle groups (for example, push-UPS on the wall, knee stands).
Endurance component (20 minutes): Uniform, moderately intense activities such as walking, Cycling or Swimming.
Conclusion and relaxation (10 minutes): deep breathing exercises and static stretching for the reduction of the pulse and relaxation of the muscles.
Recommendations for the implementation
Frequency: at Least 3-5 Times per week.
The intensity of The training stimulus should be selected so that the Person can speak during the Exercise, yet comfortable (moderate intensity).
Duration: total time per session: 45-60 minutes.
Monitoring: Prior to beginning a training program, a conversation with the doctor is essential. During the Exercises, the blood pressure should be and pulse monitored regularly.
Conclusion
Controlled Gymnastics without musical accompaniment represents an effective and safe method of lowering blood pressure. By focusing on your own body's signals and a well-balanced combination of Stretching, strength and endurance, this method can not only reduce the blood pressure, but also General physical and mental health improve. An individual adjustment of the training plan under medical supervision is always recommended.
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The scale of the risk of cardiovascular disease: The SCORE approach
The assessment of individual risk for cardiovascular events is a Central aspect of the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). To this end, the SCORE developed scale (Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation) — a globally recognized and validated algorithm to estimate the 10‑year risk of a fatal cardiovascular event.
Basics and development
The SCORE scale is based on data from large-scale epidemiological studies conducted in several European countries. Overall, the cohorts were analyzed, with more than 200 000 participants, the main risk factors for cardiovascular identify diseases and to quantify their collective risk profile. The development of the scale was carried out, taking into account regional differences: There are separate models exist for high-risk and low-risk regions of Europe.
Parameters of the SCORE calculation
For the risk calculation, the following five independent risk factors be used:
Age (Years, 35-70);
Gender (male or female);
Total cholesterol (mmol/l or mg/dl);
** systolic blood pressure** (mmHg);
Smoking (active Smoking Yes/no).
Each of these parameters contributes in varying degrees to the overall risk. Thus, an increased systolic blood pressure or elevated cholesterol, for example, the level of a significant increase in Risk.
Interpretation of the results
The result of the SCORE analysis is specified as a percentage of 10‑year risk:
very low risk: <1%;
low risk: ≥1%, but <5%;
medium risk: ≥5%, but <10%;
high risk: ≥10%.
A Patient with a SCORE of 5% has heirs, therefore, a 5% probability of death within the next 10 years, the effects of a cardiovascular disease, if no preventive measures are taken.
Clinical application and limitations
The SCORE scale is primarily used in the primary prevention-that is, the identification of individuals without known cardiovascular disease, however, have an increased risk of h. It helps Physicians to develop individualized prevention strategies — for example, by recommendations for lifestyle change or the initiation of any drug therapy (e.g., lipid-lowering, antihypertensive drugs).
Despite its usefulness, the scale also has limitations:
They do not take into account all risk factors (e.g., family history of Diabetes mellitus, Obesity).
The division into high - and low-risk regions can be styles in times of changing life and risk distributions to be out of date.
The scale is for people under the age of 40 and 70 years, only a limited model.
Conclusion
The SCORE scale is a valuable tool for the objective assessment of the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Their width of validation, simplicity of application and the ability to modify risk factors, make it a cornerstone of cardiovascular prevention in European medicine. A critical Interpretation of the results, taking into account individual characteristics, however, remain necessary.
## How to treat high blood pressure ##
Of course! Here is a scientific Text on the topic is How to treat high blood pressure:
How to treat high blood pressure?
High blood pressure, also called arterial hypertension, is a widespread health Problem in the untreated course of serious complications — such as heart attack, stroke or kidney damage. The treatment of hypertension is usually multimodal and includes both lifestyle-related measures as well as drug therapies.
1. Lifestyle changes as a first measure
At a blood pressure of ≥140/90 mmHg is recommended in General, first of all, the life style. Among the most important non‑drug measures:
Reduction of salt intake: A reduction in the daily food intake of salt to less than 5 g per day can lower blood pressure significantly.
Balanced diet: The DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) with plenty of fruit, vegetables, dietary fiber, and low content of saturated fatty acids shows positive effects.
Regular physical activity: at Least 150 minutes of moderate Aerobic exercise per week (e.g. walking, Cycling) leads to a reduction in blood pressure.
Weight reduction: the Case of Obesity, a weight loss of 5-10 kg can improve blood pressure.
Waiver of nicotine and reduction of alcohol consumption: nicotine causes vasoconstriction, alcohol can increase the blood pressure.
Stress management: methods, such as Meditation, relaxation techniques or Yoga can be helpful.
2. Drug Therapy
If lifestyle measures alone are not sufficient, it will initiate pharmacotherapy. The most important groups of Drugs are:
ACE inhibitors (e.g. Ramipril): Inhibit the Renin‑Angiotensin‑aldosterone‑System (RAAS) and lead vessels to a Dilatation of the blood.
AT1‑receptor blocker (so-called Sartans, e.g., Losartan): Work similarly to ACE inhibitors, are often better tolerated.
Calcium channel blockers (e.g. amlodipine): Lead to vascular smooth muscle Relaxation.
Diuretics (eg, hydrochlorothiazide): Increase the excretion of water and salt, reduce the volume of blood.
Beta-blockers (e.g., Metoprolol): Lower heart rate and cardiac output, are mainly used in case of concomitant heart disease.
In many cases, a combination therapy of two or more substances is necessary to target blood pressure (<140/90 mmHg in diabetics <To achieve 130/80 mmHg).
3. Regular control and long-term management
An effective treatment of hypertension requires regular measurement of blood pressure — ideally by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (24‑hour blood pressure), or self-measurement at home. In addition, kidney function, blood sugar and lipid spectrum should be checked regularly, as hypertension is often associated with other risk factors.
Conclusion
The treatment of hypertension requires an individual approach that includes lifestyle changes, as well as a targeted drug therapy. An early and consistent Management of the risk for cardiovascular events is significantly reduced and the quality of life of those Affected in the long term, can improve.
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## The national project of cardiovascular diseases ##
The national project against cardiovascular diseases: A step to health for all
Cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of death in the world and Germany is no exception. According to the statistics of thousands of deaths annually from diseases of the circulatory system. But there is hope: The newly launched national project for the prevention of cardiovascular disease to improve the Situation in a sustainable way and to save lives.
Sit back and watch as these diseases continue to meet so many people, would be irresponsible. Therefore, the Federal government has learning together with experts from the healthcare sector, academia and civil society organisations, a comprehensive program is developed. His goal: to reduce the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases significantly in the coming years and to optimize the care of those Affected.
What exactly is included in the project? It applies to several interfaces:
Prevention: A focus lies on the elucidation of the population. Campaigns for a healthy diet, regular physical activity and to quit is to raise awareness and risk factors can be reduced.
Early identification: Regular checkups are increasingly advertised and available to be made. Early diagnosis of many diseases can be more effective to treat or even prevent them.
Supply: The supply structures for patients with cardiovascular problems to be revised. Specialized centers to work more closely together to ensure a smooth and high-quality treatment.
Research: New findings from medical research to be put into practice. Investments in innovative treatment processes and technologies are in the foreground.
The most important prerequisite for the success of the project is the involvement of society as a whole, however. Doctors, health insurance companies, schools, employers, and, above all, the citizens themselves must work together for a healthier life. Health begins in the hospital, but in everyday life — in the kitchen, in the gym, on the way to work.
There will be no quick solution. The fight against cardiovascular diseases is a long-term undertaking, the perseverance and dedication it requires. But the goals are clear and important: more healthy years for the people, relieved of the pressure hospitals and social awareness, health is understood as a common task.
With this national project in Germany is making an important step in the right direction. Now each of the matters involved, because the health of our heart is too valuable to be left to chance.
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